分子别名（Synonym）
PD-L1,CD274,B7-H1,PDCD1L1,PDCD1LG1
表达区间及表达系统（Source）
Human PD-L1, Mouse IgG1 Fc Tag, low endotoxin (HPLC-verified) (PD1-H52A3) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Phe 19 - Arg 238 (Accession # NP_054862.1).
Predicted N-terminus: Phe 19
蛋白结构（Molecular Characterization）
This protein carries a mouse IgG1 Fc tag at the C-terminus , and has a calculated MW of 51.6 kDa. The predicted N-terminus is Phe 19. The reducing (R) protein migrates as 65-85 kDa in SDS-PAGE due to glycosylation and the non-reducing (NR) protein migrates as 130-170 kDa.
内毒素（Endotoxin）
Less than 0.1 EU per μg by the LAL method.
纯度（Purity）
>92% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
>90% as determined by SEC-HPLC.
制剂（Formulation）
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4. Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.
Contact us for customized product form or formulation.
重构方法（Reconstitution）
Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.
For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.
存储（Storage）
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
No activity loss was observed after storage at:
- 4-8°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
- -70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
电泳（SDS-PAGE）
Human PD-L1, Mouse IgG1 Fc Tag, low endotoxin (HPLC-verified) on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions. The gel was stained overnight with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 92%.
SEC-HPLC
The purity of Human PD-L1 Protein, mouse IgG1 Fc Tag, low endotoxin (Cat. No. PD1-H52A3) was more than 90% as determined by SEC-HPLC.
活性（Bioactivity）-ELISA
Immobilized Human PD-L1, mouse IgG1 Fc Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H52A3) at 5 μg/mL ( 100 μl/well ) can bind Biotinylated Human PD-1, His Tag & Fc tag (Cat. No. PD1-H82F2) with a linear range of 0.05-0.2 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
点击申请Protocol
Immobilized Human PD-1, Tag Free, Full Length (Cat. No. PD1-HC214) at 0.2 μg/mL ( 100 μl/well ) can bind Human PD-L1, mouse IgG1 Fc Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H52A3) with a linear range of 2-80 ng/mL (QC tested).
点击申请Protocol
Immobilized Human PD-1, Tag Free (Cat. No. PD1-HC214) at 0.2 μg/mL (100 μL/well), can bind pre-mixed increasing concentrations of Nivolumab and 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well) Human PD-L1, mouse IgG1 Fc Tag (Cat. No. PD1-H52A3) with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.30 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
点击申请Protocol
活性（Bioactivity）-FACS
Flow Cytometry assay shows that recombinant Human PD-L1, mouse IgG1 Fc Tag (Cat.No. PD1-H52A3) can bind to 293 cell overexpressing human PD-1. The concentration of PD-L1 used is 0.1 μg/ml (Routinely tested).
点击申请Protocol
FACS analysis shows that the binding of Human PD-L1, mouse IgG1 Fc Tag to 293 overexpressing PD-1 was inhibited by increasing concentration of neutralizing anti-PD-1 antibody. The concentration of PD-L1 used is 1μg/ml. The IC50 is 0.145 μg/mL (Routinely tested).
点击申请Protocol
背景（Background）
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is also known as cluster of differentiation (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), is a member of the growing B7 family of immune molecules and is involved in the regulation of cellular and humoral immune responses. B7-H1 is a cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily with two Ig-like domains within the extracellular region and a short cytoplasmic domain. PD-L1 is highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, placenta and lung and weakly expressed in the thymus, spleen, kidney and liver. PD-L1 is expressed on activated T-cells, B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes. PD-L1 is up-regulated on T- and B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes after LPS and IFNG activation and up-regulated in B-cells activated by surface Ig cross-linking. PD-L1 involve in the costimulatory signal, essential for T-cell proliferation and production of IL10 and IFNG, in an IL2-dependent and a PDCD1-independent manner.
