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礼来制药于1月15日宣布,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)正式批准,米吉珠单抗(Mirikizumab)用于中重度活动性克罗恩病成人患者治疗,该药物通过靶向IL-23 p19亚基,精准抑制促炎因子IL-23的信号通路,实现炎症反应的病理调控。
此次获批基于关键性III期VIVID-1研究的积极数据。试验结果显示,米吉珠单抗组患者在治疗52周时展现疗效优势:临床缓解率达53%(安慰剂组36%),内镜下应答率为46%(安慰剂组23%)。且在治疗第12周的早期评估中,米吉珠单抗组已有32%的患者实现内镜应答,较安慰剂组的11%呈现近3倍的提升。
1992年,研究者首次发现IL-12,并证明其在诱导Th1型免疫应答和NK细胞活化方面的重要作用。鉴于IL-12在抗肿瘤和抗感染中的潜力,各大药企纷纷投入资源,掀起了一股IL-12药物研发热潮。然而,事情并没有想象中那么顺利。早期临床试验显示,IL-12虽能诱导强烈的免疫反应,但副作用也极为显著,包括发热、流感样症状、肝损伤等。这导致相关药物研发陷入困境,IL-12也从热门靶点逐渐淡出人们视线。
自1996年以来在肿瘤免疫治疗领域启动并在ClinicalTrials.gov数据库注册的基于IL-12的临床试验数量
但是,研究者并未放弃对IL-12家族的探索。1999年,美国DNAX研究所的科学家们发现了IL-12的“兄弟”分子—IL-23。与IL-12不同,IL-23由p40和p19两个亚基组成,主要作用于记忆T细胞和Th17细胞,促进它们的增殖和分化,进而参与炎症和自身免疫反应。
IL-23和IL-12及其受体的示意图
这一发现为自身免疫病治疗提供了新的思路。既然IL-12因副作用过大而难以成药,那么结构相似但作用机制不同的IL-23,是否有可能成为新的治疗靶点呢?
IL-23在介导IL-23/ Th17轴中扮演关键角色,通过激活JaK-STAT、PI3K/Akt和NF-κB等信号通路,促进Th17细胞分化,驱动自身免疫性疾病。JaK-STAT在多种疾病中起关键作用。IL-23与受体IL-23R和IL-12 R beta 1结合后,激活JaK2和TyK2,导致STAT1、3、4、5磷酸化,促进Th17细胞转录因子表达及IL-17分泌。此外,PI3K/Akt和NF-κB也可能参与IL-23的疾病调节。动物实验及患者研究显示,IL-23能激活这些通路。尽管尚需更多研究证实,但IL-23靶向研究,或为自身免疫性疾病治疗提供新方向。
IL-23在自身免疫性疾病中的调节机制
基于这些发现,药企开始布局IL-23靶向药物的研发。截至目前,全球范围内已有多款靶向IL-23的抗体药物和生物类似物获批上市,用于自免疾病治疗。
获批及申请上市的IL-23靶向药物
数据源:药渡
已有研究指出,肿瘤相关巨噬细胞是IL-23在肿瘤微环境中的主要来源,且一种肿瘤浸润的调节性T(Treg)细胞亚群对IL-23敏感,在小鼠和人类肿瘤中展现高度抑制性。Wertheimer通过临床前模型及Treg细胞中IL-23R基因敲除实验,证实这些细胞对IL-23的肿瘤促进效应负责。因此,针对IL-23/IL-23R轴或可激发抗肿瘤免疫。目前,研究者正探索精准调控IL-23功能的方法,如基因编辑、小分子药物靶向IL-23信号通路,或结合免疫疗法,以优化肿瘤治疗。
ACROBiosystems百普赛斯推出全系列IL-23及IL-12靶点蛋白(IL-23A、IL-12B、IL12B & IL-12A、IL23A & IL12B、IL-23R),IL-23抑制筛选试剂盒与IL-23 R/IL-12 R beta 1细胞株,助力相关靶向药物及疗法开发。
分子名 | 货号 | 产品描述 |
IL-23A | ILA-H525h | Human IL-23A Protein, Fc Tag New |
IL-12B | NK2-H82E3 | Biotinylated Human IL-12B / NKSF2 / p40 Protein, His,Avitag™ |
NK2-H5258 | Human IL-12B / NKSF2 / p40 Protein, Fc Tag | |
NK2-H52H7 | Human IL-12B / NKSF2 / p40 Protein, His Tag | |
NK2-M82E5 | Biotinylated Mouse IL-12B / NKSF2 / p40 Protein, His,Avitag™ (MALS verified) | |
IL-12B & IL-12A | IL2-H4210 | Human IL-12B&IL-12A Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Flag Tag (MALS verified) |
IL2-H5210 | Human IL-12 Protein, premium grade | |
IL2-H8210 | Biotinylated Human IL-12B&IL-12A Heterodimer Protein, His,Avitag™&Flag Tag | |
IL23A & IL12B | ILB-H52W5 | Human IL-23 alpha&IL-12 beta Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (MALS verified) |
ILB-H82W6 | Biotinylated Human IL-23 alpha&IL-12 beta Heterodimer Protein, His,Avitag™&Tag Free (MALS verified) | |
ILB-H5219 | Human IL-23 alpha & IL-12 beta Heterodimer Protein, premium grade | |
ILB-CM52W8 | Cynomolgus IL-23 alpha&Mouse IL-12 beta Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (MALS verified) | |
ILB-HM52W6 | Human IL-23 alpha&Mouse IL-12 beta Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (MALS verified) | |
ILB-HR52W3 | Human IL-23 alpha&Rat IL-12 beta Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (MALS verified) | |
ILB-M52W7 | Mouse IL-23 alpha&IL-12 beta Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free | |
IL-23R | ILR-H5254 | Human IL-23 R Protein, Fc Tag (MALS verified) |
ILR-H52H4 | Human IL-23 R Protein, His Tag (MALS & SPR verified) | |
ILR-H82F3 | Biotinylated Human IL-23 R Protein, Fc,Avitag™ (MALS verified) | |
ILR-C5251 | Cynomolgus IL-23 R Protein, Fc Tag | |
ILR-M5251 | Mouse IL-23 R Protein, Fc Tag | |
IL-23 | EP-167 | IL-23 : IL-23R[Biotinylated] Inhibitor Screening ELISA Kit |
IL-23 R/IL-12 R beta 1 | CHEK-ATF166 | Human IL-23 R/IL-12 R beta 1(Luc) HEK293 Reporter Cell |
Immobilized Human IL-23A Protein, Fc Tag (Cat. No. ILA-H525h) at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Mirikizumab with a linear range of 0.002-0.25 μg/mL (QC tested).
Immobilized Biotinylated Human IL-23 R, Fc,Avitag (Cat. No. ILR-H82F3) at 5 μg/mL (100 μL/well) on Streptavidin precoated (0.5 μg/well) plate can bind Human IL-23A&IL-12B Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (Cat. No. ILB-H52W5) with a linear range of 39-156 ng/mL (QC tested).
Captured Human IL-23 R, Fc Tag (Cat. No. ILR-H5254) on CM5 chip via anti-human IgG Fc antibodies surface can bind Human IL-23A&IL-12B Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (Cat. No. ILB-H52W5) with an affinity constant of 5.36 nM as determined in a SPR assay (Biacore T200) (Routinely tested).
Loaded Anti-IL23A & IL12B MAb (P40 domain) on Protein A Biosensor, can bind Human IL-23A&IL-12B Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (Cat. No. ILB-H52W5) with an affinity constant of 0.588 nM as determined in BLI assay (ForteBio Octet Red96e) (Routinely tested).
Serial dilutions of Anti-IL23A Neutralizing antibody (Catalog # EP167-C04) (1:1 serial dilution, from 10μg/mL to 0.000976563μg/mL) was added into Human IL-23A&IL-12B: Biotinylated Human IL-23 R binding reactions. The assay was performed according to the protocol described below. Background was subtracted from data points prior to log transformation and curve fitting (QC tested).
Cell surface staining was performed on Human IL-23 R/IL-12 R beta 1 (Luc) HEK293 Reporter Cell or negative control cell using PE-labeled anti-IL-23 R antibody and APC-labeled anti-IL-12 R beta 1 antibody.