Dexamethasone-induced whitening of rabbit brown adipose tissue: leptin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunctionTang, Zhang, Xie
et alBMC Genomics (2025) 26 (1), 326
Abstract: Research on the effects of exogenous glucocorticoids on brown adipose tissue (BAT) is crucial for understanding how these hormones can induce metabolic disorders such as obesity. In this study, we explored the effects of glucocorticoids, specifically dexamethasone (Dex), on the metabolic transformation of BAT to white adipose tissue (WAT).Our results indicate a significant whitening shift in BAT upon Dex treatment, characterized by increased lipid deposition, decreased mitochondrial density, a significant decline in cellular ATP content, and reduced expression of mitochondrial markers. We demonstrate the crucial role of leptin resistance in mediating mitochondrial function through the overexpression and inhibition of LEPR.Our results suggest the role of leptin resistance in regulating of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced brown adipose whiteness.© 2025. The Author(s).
Changes in plasma UCP-1, leptin, lipids, and pro-inflammatory interleukins in calves from birth to weaningArfuso, Arrigo, Lopreiato
et alRes Vet Sci (2025) 189, 105627
Abstract: The neonatal period is crucial for calf development, particularly for immune acquisition through colostrum intake, this study aimed to assess the energy metabolism and inflammatory response. Ten Italian Simmental calves were monitored from birth to 60 days of age, with blood samples taken at birth (0 d) to weaning. Plasma concentrations of UCP-1, leptin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were measured. Results showed significant dynamic changes (P < 0.05) in all parameters and showing an increasing trend from birth to the 60 d of age in investigated calves. The plasma leptin levels were positively correlated with the concentration of UCP-1 (r = 0.37, P = 0.0003), total lipids (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001), triglycerides (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001), total cholesterol (r = 0.38, P = 0.0002), and negatively correlated with TNF-α (r = -0.24, P 0.02). UCP-1 was positively correlated with the levels of total lipids (r = 0.31, P = 0.003), triglycerides (r = 0.29, P = 0.005), and IL-1β (r = 0.29, P = 0.005) in calves throughout the monitoring period. IL-6 values positively correlated with total lipids (r = 0.36; P = 0.0004), triglycerides (r = 0.37; P = 0.0003), and total cholesterol (r = 0.21; P = 0.04) in calves throughout the monitoring period. These findings suggest that lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses undergo significant changes as calves adapt to the neonatal phase and transition to solid food, with nutritional shifts playing a key role in metabolic and immune system development.Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Leptin, Leptin Receptor Concentrations and Free Leptin Index (FLI) in Polish Healthy Children and AdolescentsGajewska, Rowicka, Klemarczyk
et alJ Mother Child (2025) 29 (1), 1-9
Abstract: Leptin physiology in children is crucial for diagnosing and managing pediatric endocrine and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the values of leptin, leptin receptor (sOB-R), and free leptin index (FLI) depending on age and sex in healthy Polish children and adolescents.A total of 236 children and adolescents aged 1-18 years were recruited. Leptin and leptin receptor concentrations were determined by immunoenzymatic methods. FLI values were calculated as leptin divided by sOB-R concentrations. In 114 children between the ages of 5 and 10 years, a measurement of fat mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.The studied groups of girls and boys were of similar age and did not differ in terms of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score values, or leptin receptor concentrations. Leptin concentrations and FLI were higher by about 50% (p=0.006; p=0.051, respectively) in girls than boys. Positive correlations were found between leptin and age, BMI, and BMI Z-score values (r=0.562, r=0.563, p=0.397; p<0.001, respectively), and even stronger between FLI and age, BMI, and BMI Z-score values (r=0.670, r=0.632, p=0.409; p<0.001, respectively).The results concerning leptin and leptin receptor concentrations and FLI values in healthy individuals may be useful in clinical practice in early identification of children and adolescents with an unfavorable adipokine profile resulting in a predisposition to the development of obesity and obesity-related complications. These markers may also be helpful in monitoring therapy effectiveness in patients with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.© 2025 Joanna Gajewska et al., published by Sciendo.
A case-control prospective study to unravel zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathyUmapathy, Arumugam, Babu
et alInt Ophthalmol (2025) 45 (1), 120
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading neurovascular complication affecting the working age group worldwide. Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is indeed an important adipokine, and it has been found to play a role in various metabolic conditions, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome and responses to lifestyle changes. In this study, we have assessed the levels of ZAG in the aqueous and vitreous humour of DR cases as a marker for the disease. It's a case-control prospective study wherein 65 Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) patients in the age group of 50-60 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with no other ocular complications were included. The PDR cases were classified with Tractional Retinal Detachment (TRD) and Fibrovascular Proliferation (FVP). 15 Macular hole (MH) patients in the age group of 60-70 years with no history of diabetes were included as disease control subjects. The groups were evaluated for demographic variables, biochemical parameters, vitreous ZAG levels and biomarkers. Data between the groups were compared statistically.A significant increase in ZAG protein levels was observed in both vitreous humour and aqueous humour of PDR cases compared to MH control. A positive correlation was observed between ZAG and various biomarkers like adiponectin, leptin, galectin-3, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted, and ZAG had 20.167 odds ratio (95% CI 3.927-103.576, P = 0.001).The present study shows that ZAG is increased in the vitreous and aqueous humour of the PDR cases compared to the macular hole. It was also correlated with the already reported biomarkers. It could be a risk factor for the disease based on the odds ratio.© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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