Effects of ECM Components on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Differentiation Under Conditions of Disruption of Wnt and TGF-β Signaling PathwaysKuznetsova, Popova, Danilova
et alJ Funct Biomater (2025) 16 (3)
Abstract: Periodontitis is accompanied by inflammation that causes dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways. This leads to a violation of the homeostasis of periodontal tissues. Components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are an important part of biomaterials used for the repair of periodontal tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the components of the effect of ECM (hyaluronic acid (HA), fibronectin (Fn), and laminin (Lam)) on the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in the collagen I hydrogel under conditions of disruption of the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways. The study showed that the addition of components of the ECM restored the expression of odontogenic markers in PDLSCs, which was absent during inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and their multidirectional effect on the secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Fn and Lam suppressed the expression of odontogenic markers in PDLSCs against the background of inhibition of the TGF-β signaling pathway. The addition of HA under the conditions of the TGF-β signaling pathway improved BMP-2 secretion, preserving odontogenic differentiation. Thus, our results demonstrated that disruption of the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways causes disorders in the differentiation of PDLSCs, preventing the regeneration of periodontal tissues. This should be taken into account when developing multicomponent scaffolds that recapitulate the ECM microenvironment at endogenic regeneration of the periodontium. Inclusion of hyaluronic acid as one of these components may enhance the therapeutic effect of such biomaterials.
Amphoteric ionic hydrogels containing graphene oxide and bioactive glass loaded with BMP-2 significantly promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCsZhu, Yan, Wang
et alJ Biomater Sci Polym Ed (2025)
Abstract: The treatment of bone nonunion is a tricky challenge, and the development of bone tissue engineering has provided a direction for the treatment of bone nonunion, making the search for suitable tissue-engineered scaffolds particularly important. Three hydrogel scaffolds were constructed, their physical properties and osteogenesis-promoting properties were compared, and the characteristics of the three scaffolds were studied in vivo and in vitro. Z-CS/BG/GO group scaffolds have more uniform pore size and porosity than other groups, with better inter-pore connectivity. The scaffolds were favorable for BMP-2 loading and possessed good mechanical properties while enabling smoother drug release, thus achieving good promotion of proliferation and bone differentiation of BMSCs. So, Z-CS/BG/GO scaffolds are good materials to promote the differentiation of BMSCs and bone formation.
Injectable Functional Microspheres Capable of BMSC Recruitment and Osteogenic Induction for In Situ Bone RegenerationChang, Lu, Li
et alACS Biomater Sci Eng (2025)
Abstract: Currently, bone defects remain a major challenge in clinical treatment. Recruiting target cells at the defect site and inducing them to differentiate into bone tissue are effective treatment methods. In previous studies, we used the CD271 antibody to construct bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) recruitment microspheres for the treatment of bone defects. However, the osteoconductivity of the microspheres themselves was poor, and the system lacked osteoinductivity, which affected the repair efficiency. In this study, we prepared submillimeter-sized porous chitosan (CS) microspheres through process optimization, and the BMSCs were able to directly adhere and proliferate on their surfaces. After the bioconjugation of the CD271 antibody, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was further loaded onto the pore structure of microspheres to obtain the injectable microspheres with BMSC recruitment and osteogenic differentiation induction functions. Microspheres could efficiently recruit BMSCs through the combined action of the CD271 antibody and BMP-2 and further induce the recruited BMSCs, differentiating into osteoblasts through BMP-2, which ultimately exhibited promising bone regeneration ability in rats. We expect that the novel functional microspheres have great potential in biomedical applications for in situ treatment of bone defects.
Effects of dietary supplementation levels of vitamin A and vitamin D3 on growth performance, jejunal function, and tibia development in goslings from 1 to 28 days of ageHuang, Fu, Wang
et alPoult Sci (2025) 104 (5), 104780
Abstract: This study explored the interaction effects of dietary Vitamin A (VA) and Vitamin D3 (VD3) on growth performance, jejunal function, and tibia development in goslings, aiming to identify any synergistic outcomes that may reshape nutritional strategies for geese production. A total of 540 one-day-old male Jiangnan White goslings with similar body weight (82 ± 5 g) were randomly assigned into 9 treatments with five replicate pens per treatment and 12 birds per pen. The bird trial employed a 3 × 3, two-factorial treatment with three levels of VA (5000, 7000, and 9000 IU/kg) and three levels of VD3 (1000, 1500, and 2000 IU/kg) from one to 28 days of age. Main effects analysis indicated that birds fed 7000 IU/kg VA exhibited the highest ADG, BW, jejunal maltase activity and IL-10 content (P < 0.05), while 9000 IU/kg VA had the highest SOD activity and content of IL-6 and TNF-α in jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). Both 7000 IU/kg or 9000 IU/kg VA increased the jejunal IL-1β content, relative expression of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) mRNA, tibia defatted weight and ash weight (P < 0.05). Birds fed 2000 IU/kg VD3 exhibited the highest ADFI, while both 1500 or 2000 IU/kg VD3 increased jejunal maltase activity, and tibia ash content (P < 0.05). An interaction between VA and VD3 on ADFI, F/G, jejunal maltase activity, mucosal immune factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), tibia ash content, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression. A simple effects analysis revealed that at a 5000 IU/kg VA, adding 1000 IU/kg VD3 decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α (P < 0.05). At a 7000 IU/kg VA, adding 1500 or 2000 IU/kg VD3 decreased TNF-α, and increased jejunal maltase activity(P < 0.05). At a 9000 IU/kg VA, adding 1000 IU/kg VD3 decreased ADFI, F/G, jejunal maltase activity, tibia ash, and BMP-2, while IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α increased (P < 0.05). At a 9000 IU/kg VA, adding 2000 IU/kg VD3 increased IL-10 (P < 0.05). At a 1000 IU/kg VD3, adding 5000 IU/kg VA increased F/G, jejunal maltase activity and IL-10, while decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α (P < 0.05), and adding 9000 IU/kg VA decreased tibia ash and BMP-2 (P < 0.05). At 1500 or 2000 IU/kg VD3, adding 7000 IU/kg VA increased jejunal maltase activity, IL-10 (P < 0.05). At a 2000 IU/kg VD3, adding 9000 IU/kg VA increased IL-6, and TNF-α (P < 0.05). In summary, a dietary level of 7000 IU/kg of VA and 2000 IU/kg of VD3 can be a balanced combination to optimize feed intake and conversion, jejunal function, and tibia mineralization, consequently enhancing growth performance in goslings.Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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