Natural fatal infection of Tembusu virus in bottlenose dolphins in ThailandPiewbang, Yi, Zahro
et alSci Rep (2025) 15 (1), 9917
Abstract: Interspecies transmission of viruses poses significant risks to animal and human health. Tembusu virus (TMUV), an emerging flavivirus, is primarily associated with avian diseases. This study reports the first documented natural infection of TMUV in mammals, specifically zoo dolphins in Thailand, offering insights into its evolution, transmission dynamics, and zoonotic potential. In July 2023, three bottlenose dolphins developed neurological symptoms and died. Postmortem analyses, including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, high-throughput sequencing, and transmission electron microscopy, confirmed TMUV infection. Viral loads were high in brain and lung tissues, followed by kidney and spleen whereas the TMUV antigen was identified in only brain tissue. TMUV was localized in neurons and astroglia cells, and immunohistochemistry revealed CD3-positive T lymphocyte perivascular cuffing in the brain. Phylogenetic analysis placed the dolphin TMUV strains within cluster 3, related to strains found in mosquitoes in China. Retrospective analysis of dolphin samples from 2019 confirmed persistent TMUV circulation. Viral isolation on Vero cells showed characteristic cytopathic effects, and transmission electron microscopy revealed enveloped virions. This study highlights the virus's ability to infect diverse hosts, including mammals. The findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance and a One Health approach to mitigate emerging viral threats.© 2025. The Author(s).
Canine polyostotic B-cell lymphoma: a case with clinical, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric characterization, and review of the literatureKornya, Bryant, Lillie
et alJ Vet Diagn Invest (2025)
Abstract: An 8-mo-old Mastiff-cross dog with bone pain and lytic-proliferative lesions in the radius, ulna, femur, vertebral spinous processes, and ribs, was diagnosed with lymphoma. The dog also had anemia and thrombocytopenia, and atypical circulating lymphocytes were identified as B cells by flow cytometry. Due to the multicentric, rapidly progressive disease, the dog was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed extensive bone replacement by lymphoma, and infiltration of lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry showed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that was immunopositive for PAX5 and CD20, and immunonegative for CD3. Lymphoma of bone is rare in dogs and humans, and is most frequently reported in pediatric individuals. Including our case, 7 of 14 reported cases occurred in dogs <2-y-old, and all but 1 had polyostotic disease. Long bones, ribs, and vertebrae were affected most often, and the distal metaphyseal region was targeted in long bones. Visceral and nodal tissue infiltration was common, and all tumors had a diffuse architecture. Most dogs with polyostotic lymphoma were euthanized at the time of diagnosis, and survival was <6 wk in dogs that were treated with chemotherapy or surgery.
Hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides with histological spongiosis in a 61-year-old Syrian male: a case reportBarboura, Assaf, Borghol
et alJ Med Case Rep (2025) 19 (1), 134
Abstract: Mycosis fungoides is a type of cutaneous T-cell malignancy that gives different skin manifestations. Hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides is a very rare type of mycosis fungoides that presents with hyperpigmented patches and macules on the skin, it is reported to affect patients in their 30s, with only few cases reported to date. In this article, we present a unique case of hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides in which histological examination of the skin biopsy showed spongiosis, which is a rare histologic manifestation in mycosis fungoides, which makes the case more exceptional.A 61-year-old Syrian male presented to the dermatology clinic complaining of a persistent pigmented itchy lesion on the right side of the trunk and right thigh. Histological examination of the skin biopsy showed parakeratosic hyperkeratosic epidermis with spongiosis and deposition of melanophages, immunohistochemistry showed CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, and CD20-, and our patient was diagnosed with hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides, and subsequently treated with psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy, a very good improvement was noted, and the prognosis was excellent.Although hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides is an extremely rare condition, clinical practitioners should consider it as a diagnosis that may be encountered when approaching a persistent pigmented skin lesion to provide correct clinical orientation and avoid confusion with differential diagnoses. The diagnosis of hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides should not be excluded based only on the age. Skin biopsy and immunohistochemistry are the irreplaceable investigations to diagnose hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides. Spongiosis, although rare in mycosis fungoides, should not rule out the diagnosis of hyperpigmented mycosis fungoides.© 2025. The Author(s).
Upregulation of RIG-I is Critical for Responsiveness to IFN-α Plus Anti-PD-1 in Colorectal CancerNie, Fang, Zhou
et alCancer Med (2025) 14 (6), e70802
Abstract: Immunotherapy is a promising and effective approach that has achieved significant curative effects in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) has been shown to play a critical role in tumor immunity. However, the correlation between RIG-I and immunotherapy in CRC remains unclear.RIG-I expression was measured in CRC and normal samples based on analysis of the public databases, a tissue microarray, and CRC cell lines. The correlation between RIG-I and immune microenvironment was explored using well-established biological algorithms and in vitro and in vivo experiments.We discovered that RIG-I expression was downregulated in CRC compared with normal samples. The bioinformatic algorithms indicated that high RIG-I-expressing samples showed a positive correlation with IFN-α response and enrichment of antitumor immune cells, especially CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, knockdown of RIG-I expression efficiently reduced the cell death, STAT1 phosphorylation, and CXCL10/11 expression induced by IFN-α in CRC cells. Finally, an in vivo study showed that the infiltration of CD3+ CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased in the RIG-I knockout group. An animal model further confirmed that the inhibition of tumor growth induced by IFN-α plus anti-PD-1 therapy was dependent on RIG-I expression.RIG-I is a promising biomarker for CRC immunotherapy, which provides a novel concept for combinatorial immunotherapy.© 2025 The Author(s). Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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