Comparative Evaluation of Water Soluble Photoinitiators on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Experimental Composite: An In Vitro StudyTulasi, Sihivahanan, Venkatesh
Indian J Dent Res (2024) 35 (4), 454-458
Abstract: Composite resin restoration is technique sensitive, where there is poor control over moisture leading to incomplete polymerization of the monomers. Hence, it is imperative to study a material which improves the mechanical and physical properties of the resin composite in the moist, oral environment, which is less affected by the saliva.The aim of this study was to synthesize composite resin by combining water soluble photoinitiator such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) (type II) and camphorquinone (CQ) photoinitiator (type I) and to investigate mechanical and physical properties with and without salivary contamination when compared to traditional composite with CQ alone.Experimental composite resin was synthesized by combining water soluble photoinitiator such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) with CQ photoinitiator. Samples were prepared based on ISO 4049 guidelines and divided into experimental composite with salivary contamination (n = 50), and without salivary contamination (n = 50) and traditional composite (SOLARE X-GC company) with salivary contamination (n = 50) and without salivary contamination (n = 50). Properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, shear bond strength, degree of conversion, and depth of cure were evaluated.Experimental composite with salivary contamination had shown statistically significant difference in mechanical and physical properties when compared to traditional composite.This study concluded that combining water soluble photoinitiator such as TPO (type II) with CQ (type I) provides a synergistic effect by increasing the mechanical properties under salivary conditions.Copyright © 2025 Indian Journal of Dental Research.
Maternal thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms during pregnancy and child behavioral and emotional problems - an ECHO multi-cohort investigationMoog, Mansolf, Sherlock
et alJ Affect Disord (2025)
Abstract: Maternal thyroid dysfunction and maternal depression during pregnancy may increase the risk of child behavioral and emotional problems. We sought to investigate the independent and interactive associations of these two risk factors with child behavior problems.We combined data from four cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program (N = 949). Maternal thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], free thyroxine [fT4], thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies [TPO-Ab], fT4/TSH ratio) was measured predominantly during the first half of pregnancy. We harmonized maternal depression into a continuous measure of antepartum depressive symptomatology and a dichotomous measure reflecting (history of) clinical depression. Child internalizing and externalizing problems were harmonized to the T-score metric of the Child Behavior Checklist. We used multiple linear regression and random effects meta-analysis to assess the average relationship between each predictor and outcome, and the variability in these relationships across cohorts.Across cohorts, antepartum depressive symptomatology was positively associated with both internalizing (meta B = 2.879, 95 % CI 1.87-3.89, p < .001) and externalizing problems (meta B = 1.683, 95 % CI 0.67-2.69, p = .001). None of the indicators of maternal thyroid function was associated with child behavior problems across cohorts. TPO-Ab concentrations were positively associated with child externalizing problems only in offspring of depressed mothers (meta B = 3.063, 95 % CI 0.73-5.40, p = .010).This study supports the importance of maternal antepartum mental health for child behavior across diverse populations. However, we found little empirical evidence for an association between maternal thyroid function within the normal range during pregnancy and child behavioral problems.Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The Human Thyroid-Derived CI-huThyrEC Cell Line Expresses the Thyrotropin (TSH) Receptor and Thyroglobulin but Lacks Other Essential Characteristics of Thyroid Follicular CellsHalbout, Kopp
Biomolecules (2025) 15 (3)
Abstract: Background: Thyroid hormone synthesis requires the normal function of thyroid follicular cells and adequate nutritional intake of iodine. For in vitro studies on thyroid cell pathophysiology, the immortalized FRTL5 rat thyroid cell line and a derivative thereof, the PCCL3 cell line, are widely used. However, a permanent human thyroid cell line is currently lacking. A recent report described a cell line obtained from human thyroid cells designated as Cl-huThyrEC. Methods: Four clones of Cl-huThyrEC cells were obtained and cultured in the presence of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The expression of key genes defining the thyroid follicular cell phenotype was determined by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in FRTL5, PCCL3, and Cl-huThyrEC cells. The latter were cultured as monolayers and as organoids in Matrigel. Iodide uptake was measured and compared among the cell lines. Results: Gene expression analysis reveals that Cl-huThyrEC cells express the thyroid-restricted transcription factors (PAX8, NKX2.1, FOXE1), the TSH receptor (TSHR), and thyroglobulin (TG), but they do not express the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and pendrin (SLC26A4). In functional studies, Cl-huThyrEC cells are unable to concentrate iodide. Conclusions: Despite the expression of certain key genes that are limited or restricted to thyroid follicular cells, Cl-huThyrEC cells lack some of the essential characteristics of thyroid follicular cells, in particular, NIS. Hence, their utility as a model system for thyroid follicular cells is limited.
Hashimoto's Encephalopathy: Clinical Features, Therapeutic Strategies, and Rehabilitation ApproachesManocchio, Magro, Massaro
et alBiomedicines (2025) 13 (3)
Abstract: Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), also known as steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), is an autoimmune disorder with heterogeneous presentation that poses diagnostic challenges. This review synthesizes the current literature to clarify the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of SREAT/HE, including the diagnostic utility of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities, and neuroimaging findings. Cognitive impairment and behavioral changes are common in HE, but specific manifestations vary widely, which can lead to misdiagnosis. While elevated TPO antibodies are frequently observed, a direct causal relationship with HE is unlikely, and their presence may indicate a general state of autoimmunity. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of treatment, although responses vary, and alternative immunosuppressive agents or intravenous immunoglobulin may be needed in some cases. Evidence regarding rehabilitation for people affected by HE is limited, but neurorehabilitation strategies adapted from other neurological conditions, including cognitive re-education (CR), physical therapy, and psychosocial support, may be beneficial. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of SREAT, refine the diagnostic criteria, and develop more targeted and effective therapies, including rehabilitation strategies, for this debilitating neurological disorder.
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