Recent Advances in Synthetic Notch Receptors for Biomedical ApplicationSong, Zhang, Sui
et alAm J Physiol Cell Physiol (2025)
Abstract: The synthetic Notch receptor has emerged as a potent tool for precisely modulating cellular functions. It constitutes a receptor system rooted in the Notch signaling pathway. SynNotch receptors, coupled with downstream transcription programs, hold promise for organoid and 3D tissue construction. Additionally, it enables the tracking and visualization of intercellular communication. Moreover, engineering SynNotch cells to carry specific receptors markedly enhances the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy. This review delineates the subdomains and tunable mechanisms of SynNotch, summarizing four core modes of combinatorial multiplexing potentially pivotal for regulating SynNotch cell functions. Furthermore, this review summarizes the multifaceted applications, advantages, and limitations of SynNotch, offering fresh insights into its future biomedical utilization.
Organoids as 3D Models for Studying Exogenous Mitochondrial TransplantationEş, Ulger
Adv Exp Med Biol (2025)
Abstract: Mitochondria play a critical role in cellular communication, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, which make them essential to maintaining cellular health. Recently, mitochondrial transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to treat conditions such as ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disorders by restoring mitochondrial function in damaged cells. Despite its potential, understanding mitochondrial behavior in vivo remains challenging; however, organoid models, which are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells that mimic human tissues, offer a solution to study mitochondrial function and transplantation strategies under controlled conditions. These models are particularly necessary in studies, as they can replicate disease conditions and consequently enable researchers to investigate mitochondrial dynamics and therapeutic integration. Developing organoid systems optimized for mitochondrial transplantation requires exploring factors that influence mitochondrial uptake, refining transplantation strategies, and understanding their role in cellular regeneration in order to advance in the field of mitochondrial research.© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The Art of Neuroregeneration De Novo and In SituRemboutsika
Adv Exp Med Biol (2025)
Abstract: Neuroregeneration refers to the ability of the nervous system to repair or regenerate neural components subsequently to spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries, peripheral nerve damage, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss lead effectors of the healing process, neural stem cells, and non-invasive physical methods, for neuroregeneration de novo and in situ.© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Advances in Regenerative Medicine, Cell Therapy, and 3D Bioprinting for Glaucoma and Retinal DiseasesWu, Osman, Esomchukwu
et alAdv Exp Med Biol (2025)
Abstract: Regenerative medicine, cell therapy, and 3D bioprinting represent promising advancements in addressing retinal and glaucomatous diseases. These conditions, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, have complex pathophysiologies that involve neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction. Despite significant progress in conventional therapies, including anti-VEGF injections, laser photocoagulation, and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering interventions, these approaches remain limited in reversing disease progression and restoring lost visual function.This chapter explores the potential of emerging regenerative therapies to fill these critical gaps. For retinal diseases, cell replacement strategies using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in clinical trials, though challenges in delivery and long-term integration persist. Similarly, neuroprotective strategies and the use of retinal progenitor cells hold promise for preserving and restoring vision in degenerative retinal conditions. Advances in 3D bioprinting and retinal organoids further augment these efforts, offering innovative tools for disease modeling and therapy development.In glaucoma, regenerative approaches targeting trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss are gaining traction. Stem cell-based therapies have shown potential in restoring TM functionality and providing neuroprotection, while innovative delivery systems and bioengineered platforms aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety.This chapter provides an overview of the evolving landscape of regenerative therapies for retinal and glaucomatous diseases, highlighting current advancements, ongoing challenges, and future directions in the field. These approaches, while still emerging, hold the potential to transform the management of these complex ocular diseases.© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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