Characteristics of cell adhesion molecules expression and environmental adaptation in yak lung tissueWang, Huang, Tan
et alSci Rep (2025) 15 (1), 10914
Abstract: Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) play a crucial role in regulating immune responses and repairing damage caused by hypoxia. However, the relationship between the expression characteristics of CAMs in yak lung tissues and their adaptation to the plateau environment remains unclear. To address this question, we compared lung tissues from yaks and cattle at the same altitude. After digesting the lung tissues with trypsin or Type I collagenase for varying durations, we observed that fewer cells were isolated from yak tissues compared to cattle. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in lung tissues of yaks and cattle were significantly enriched in cell adhesion-related pathways. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) further identified changes in the expression levels of five distinct types of CAMs. Among these, the cadherin family (CDH1, CDH2, CDH11, PCDH12, CD34) exhibited significantly higher expression in yaks than in cattle. These cadherins play a critical role in regulating lung inflammation and maintaining the alveolar-capillary barrier, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the lungs. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the expression patterns of cell adhesion-related proteins (CDH1, CDH11, ITGB6, SELP, CD44) were largely consistent with the qRT-PCR results. In conclusion, compared to cattle, the enhanced cell adhesion capacity of yak lung tissues contributes to their superior adaptation to the harsh plateau environment.© 2025. The Author(s).
Ocean acidification impairs the energy homeostasis and health of mussels (Mytilus coruscus) by weakening their trophic interactions with microalgae and intestinal microbiomeChang, Leung, Wang
et alEnviron Res (2025)
Abstract: Despite extensive research over the last two decades, it is still imperative to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the sensitivity and resistance of marine organisms to ocean acidification. Species interactions can play a role in these mechanisms, but the extent to which they modulate organismal responses to ocean acidification remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated how ocean acidification (pH 7.7) affects energy homeostasis and fitness of mussels (Mytilus coruscus) by assessing their physiological responses, intestinal microbiome and nutritional quality of their food (microalgae). Under ocean acidification, the mussels had reduced feeding rates by 34% and reduced activities of digestive enzymes (pepsin by 39%, trypsin by 28% and lipase by 53%) due to direct exposure to acidified seawater and increased phenol content of microalgae. Richness and diversity of intestinal microbiome (OTU, Chao1 index and Shannon index) were also lowered by ocean acidification, which can undermine nutrient adsorption. On the other hand, energy expenditure of mussels increased by 53% under ocean acidification, which was associated with the upregulation of antioxidant defence (SOD, CAT and GPx activities). Consequently, energy reserves in mussels decreased by 28% due to the reduction in protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents. Overall, we demonstrate that ocean acidification could disrupt herbivore-algae and host-microbe interactions, thereby lowering the energy balance and impairing the health of marine organisms. This can have ramifications on the population and energy dynamics of marine communities in the acidifying ocean.Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Mosaic STS gene deletions in chorionic villus samples are often confined to the placenta, and they differ in size from STS gene deletions in patients with X-linked IchthyosisRydder, Andreasen, Thomsen
et alPlacenta (2025) 165, 16-22
Abstract: This study presents several cases of mosaicism for STS gene deletions in uncultured chorionic villus samples analyzed with chromosomal microarray without prior trypsinization. We aimed to confirm these results with MLPA on the chorionic villus samples and to evaluate the presence of mosaicism in follow-up amniocentesis.We retrospectively collected cases of prenatally identified STS gene deletions in chorionic villus samples and amniocenteses at Aarhus University Hospital. A subgroup with mosaic microarray results was analyzed with MLPA.Four non-mosaic (of which three were inherited) and 16 mosaic STS gene deletions were identified. Mosaicism was confirmed with MLPA in all cases suitable for MLPA analysis. All 10 mosaic cases with follow-up amniocentesis showed normal results. In general, STS gene deletions in a mosaic state were smaller in size and had breakpoints located within the common fragile site FRAXB, whereas non-mosaic STS deletions were larger with breakpoints located close to VCX genes. Deletion size differed significantly between mosaic cases of this study and STS gene deletions in patients with X-linked Ichthyosis reported in ClinVar.We report and confirm several cases of placental mosaicism for STS gene deletions. All mosaic cases with follow-up amniocentesis were confined to the placenta. Mosaic deletions likely arose from strand breaks at the common fragile site FRAXB, whereas the classical non-mosaic genotype found in patients with X-linked Ichthyosis arises from non-allelic homologous recombination during meiosis. These results support the existing hypothesis that placental mosaicism for copy number variants likely arise in common fragile sites.Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Developmental perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure impairs exocrine pancreas function in zebrafish (Danio rerio)Tompach, Gridley, Marin
et alToxicol Sci (2025)
Abstract: Developmental perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure in zebrafish reduces digestive gene expression and pancreas length, indicating exocrine insufficiency. This project focuses on the production and function of digestive proteases with PFOS exposure. We test the hypothesis that developmental PFOS exposure impairs exocrine pancreas function in the absence of severe morphological changes. Three larval timepoints were assessed, where the nutrient source varies (yolk feed at 4 days post fertilization (dpf), yolk depleted at 6 dpf and exogenously fed at 9 dpf) to understand how nutrients were being used throughout exocrine pancreas development. Tg(ptf1a: GFP) zebrafish were exposed to 0 (0.01% DMSO), 1, 2 and 4 μM PFOS from 0-4 dpf. At 4 dpf, pancreas length was decreased with1 μM and yolk sac area was reduced with 2 and 4 μM PFOS. By 6 dpf, pancreata of zebrafish exposed to 1 μM PFOS had recovered, and pancreas size was decreased with 4 μM PFOS. Protease activity was reduced with PFOS exposure, accompanied by decreases in digestive protease gene expression and trypsin protein. At 9 dpf, there was no measurable change in pancreas size or protease activity with 1 and 2 μM PFOS, indicating morphological and functional recovery even though PFOS was detected in the larvae. This study demonstrates that PFOS exposure can affect the function of the exocrine pancreas in the absence of a detectable change in organ size. We also highlight the mishandling of yolk nutrients, leading to undernutrition at later larval stages and show catch-up growth in morphology and function.© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
膜杰作
Star Staining
