Long-Term Outcomes of Short versus Long Dental Implants with Sinus Lift in Atrophied Posterior Maxillae: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAlemán, Rivera-Velazquez, Jana-Hernández
et alP R Health Sci J (2025) 44 (1), 54-62
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate implant outcomes, including success or survival, complications, and marginal bone loss (MBL), in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing short versus long implants with sinus augmentation (SA) after 5 or more years of loading. The objective was to update the qualitative and quantitative evidence on this topic and provide a comprehensive analysis of the previously identified implant outcomes. Electronic searches were conducted in 4 scientific databases from 2016 through 2024. Only RCTs with a minimum follow-up period of 5 years were included (7 studies); these were rated using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB 2) tool for main outcomes. The overall risk of bias was "High" in 5 studies, whereas 2 studies were rated as "Some concerns." The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with Stata software, version 18, for implant success and survival (2.37; 95% CI: 0.83-6.78, P = .11) and for implant complications (0.88; 95% CI: 0.64-1.21, P = .43). The Cohen's d for MBL was -0.41 mm (95% CI: -0.72 to -0.09, P = .01). There was no statistically significant difference in implant success and survival between short and long implants with SA (P = .60). Due to the overall high risk of bias, no definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the success or survival of short versus long implants. Further RCTs with clear descriptions of implant outcomes, rigorous standardization and calibration protocols, meticulous sample-size calculation, and extended follow-up periods are needed.
Meta-analysis of vegetation responses to experimental nitrogen enrichments done in salt marshes under different sea level rise regimes reveal interaction of N supply and sea level riseValiela, Chenoweth, Day
Sci Total Environ (2025) 975, 179198
Abstract: Agricultural-style fertilization studies to assess responses of salt marsh vegetation to increased nitrogen supply have been done in many coastal regions of the world. Initial enrichment experiments first revealed the role of nitrogen (N) supply as a key control of vegetation responses. A review of results from 43 N-fertilization studies carried out in a variety of coasts worldwide found increased responses by above-ground salt marsh vegetation in 94.5 % of the enrichments. The responses, although variable, increased significantly as N supply increased, confirming the limiting function of N supply. Enrichments with urea, a mix of N forms, or ammonium were more effective than enrichment with nitrate. Synthesis of compiled data suggested an interaction of N supply with sea level rise may be important. Sea level rise >3.4 mm yr-1 damped the ability of above-ground salt marsh vegetation to respond to increased N supply, and it is possible that critical thresholds (about 15 mm yr-1) for above-ground marsh vegetation may be reached by 2100. Below-ground vegetation responses were not greatly affected by N enrichment in the data compiled, but as sea level increases in the future, data trendlines suggest a possible future threshold (perhaps about 9 mm yr-1) in submergence that would impair below-ground vegetation responses. These findings suggest that sea level rise effects may overwhelm the positive effects of increased N supply, an interaction that may impair salt marsh vegetation function, leading to increasing future submergence of these valuable habitats. These results emphasize the urgency for new mitigation strategies.Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Gold Nanoparticles Carrying Mannose-Binding Lectin and Inflammatory Cytokine Antibodies Improve Sepsis Survival by Modulating Immunity and Reducing PathogensMao, Yan, Wu
et alACS Appl Mater Interfaces (2025)
Abstract: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, and early management of both the infection and the excessive inflammatory response is key to its treatment. In this study, we designed a nanoformulation, termed AuNPs-Mixed, to control bacterial infection and modulate the excessive inflammatory response. AuNPs-Mixed was prepared by equimolarly combining four nanoparticle formulations, each consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated separately with mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and three different antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). MBL facilitates the targeted recognition of pathogenic bacteria, while the cytokine-specific antibodies aim to reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The formulation was administered to septic mice for 72 h. The results showed that, compared to the groups treated with AuNPs alone, AuNPs carrying MBL (AuNPs-MBL), and the blank control group, mice receiving the AuNPs-Mixed treatment exhibited significantly lower bacterial loads in the blood, liver, spleen, and kidneys (p < 0.05), reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, less organ damage, and markedly higher survival rates (p < 0.05). Fluorescence confocal microscopy confirmed that the AuNPs-MBL preparation could bind to Escherichia coli, the primary infectious agent in the sepsis model, facilitating subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages. In the acute toxicity study, no significant differences were observed in body weight, complete blood cell counts, or histopathological analysis of major organs in mice over 7 days (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the AuNPs-Mixed formulation effectively reduces bacterial loads in blood and organs, lowers inflammatory cytokine levels, mitigates organ damage, and significantly improves survival rates while showing no evident acute toxicity in mice.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Mortality in Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Southern ThailandChotimakorn, Pattharachayakul, Lertsrisatit
et alAntibiotics (Basel) (2025) 14 (3)
Abstract: Background/Objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) is an important pathogen associated with high mortality and treatment failure rates. We aimed to assess the susceptibility of CRPA to antipseudomonal agents, identify its resistance mechanisms, and evaluate clinical outcomes in a sample of CRPA isolates. Methods: This was an in vitro study of a clinical isolate of CRPA from hospitalized patients with CRPA infection and a retrospective observational study of these patients, who were diagnosed between 14 February 2021 and 10 August 2023 at Songklanagarind Hospital in Songkhla, Thailand. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antipseudomonal agents using the broth microdilution method. Resistance mechanisms were assessed using the modified carbapenem inactivation method, combined disk tests, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 140 CRPA isolates were analyzed. Both traditional and novel β-lactams had high MICs. The most common resistance mechanism was the upregulation of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump (81.3%), followed by the downregulation of the OprD porin (48.9%) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production (45.0%), and the overexpression of blaAmpC (41.0%). The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 30.5%. The risk factors associated with 30-day mortality included a Charlson Comorbidity Index of ≥5 (OR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.07-10.99; p = 0.03), sepsis (OR: 10.62; 95% CI: 1.26-89.44; p = 0.03), and septic shock (OR: 4.39; 95% CI: 1.67-11.55; p < 0.01). In contrast, receiving active documented therapy was significantly associated with reduced mortality (OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04-0.74; p = 0.01). Conclusions: This study revealed higher MIC values of all β-lactams for CRPA, while colistin and amikacin remained effective. The resistance mechanisms included MexAB-OprM overexpression, OprD downregulation, MBL production, and blaAmpC overexpression, with a higher prevalence of MBL than in other regions of Thailand. High 30-day mortality was associated with comorbidities, sepsis, and septic shock, but active therapy reduced mortality.
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